The additional property of protons and electrons, which gives rise to electric force ×between them, is called electric charge.
   Electric Charge is a scalar quantity. A proton possess positive charge +e, while an electron possess an equal negative charge -e ,
    Where e=1.6×10^-19 C
The two very basic nature of electric charges are,
1) Like charges repel each other
2) Unlike charges attract each other

Properties of Electric Charge

The following are some important properties of electric charge:

  1. Like charges repel each other and unlike charges attract each other.
  2. The magnitude of elementary negative or positive charge is same and is equal to 1.6྾10^-19 C.
  3. The electric charge is additive in nature. It implies that total charge on an object is algebraic sum of the charges located at different points in the object.
  4. The charge is quantized i.e. charge carried by a charged object is equal to 士ne , where n is an integer.
  5. The electric charge of a system is always conserved.
  6. Unlike mass, the electric charge on an object is not affected by the motion of the object.